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# apt 会显示彩色输出，更直观
apt install nginx

# apt 会显示进度条
apt upgrade

# apt 会提示你有哪些重要更新
apt list --upgradable

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# apt-get 适合脚本使用
apt-get install nginx

# apt-get 的输出格式固定
apt-get upgrade

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# 查看软件源配置
cat /etc/apt/sources.list

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# 更新软件包列表
sudo apt update

# 输出大概是：
# Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease
# Hit:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease
# Reading package lists... Done
# Building dependency tree... Done
# All packages are up to date.

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# 升级所有可升级的软件
sudo apt upgrade

# 输出大概是：
# Reading package lists... Done
# Building dependency tree... Done
# The following packages will be upgraded:
#   libssl3 3.0.2-0ubuntu1.10
#   nginx 1.18.0-6ubuntu1.2
# 2 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove.
# Need to get 1.5 MB of archives.
# After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.

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# 如果想看详细信息（升级哪些、哪些会被跳过）
sudo apt upgrade -V
# -V 显示详细信息

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# 激进升级（可能删除包）
sudo apt dist-upgrade

# 提示：
# The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
#   liboldpkg1
# Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them.

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# 安装nginx
sudo apt install nginx

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# 自动确认安装（不再询问）
sudo apt install -y nginx

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# 重新安装nginx
sudo apt install --reinstall nginx

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# 卸载nginx（保留配置）
sudo apt remove nginx

# 输出：
# The following packages will be REMOVED:
#   nginx nginx-common nginx-core
# 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 3 to remove.
# After this operation, 500 KB disk space will be freed.

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# 完全卸载nginx（包括配置文件）
sudo apt purge nginx

# 或者 combine remove and purge
sudo apt remove --purge nginx

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# 输出：
# The following packages will be REMOVED:
#   nginx nginx-common nginx-core
# The following configuration files will be removed:
#   /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#   /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
# Configuration files in '/etc/nginx' have not been removed.
# Use 'apt purge' if you want to remove these configuration files.

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# 自动清理无用的依赖包
sudo apt autoremove

# 输出：
# The following packages will be REMOVED:
#   libsomething1 libuseless2
# 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove.

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# 建议定期运行一下，保持系统干净
sudo apt autoremove -y

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# 搜索nginx相关的包
apt search nginx

# 输出大概是：
# Sorting... Done
# Full Text Search... Done
# nginx/bionic-updates,bionic-security 1.14.0.orig.tar.gz.asc - 1.18.0-6ubuntu1.4 amd64
#   HTTP server and reverse proxy, as well as IMAP/POP3 proxy server
#
# nginx-common/bionic-updates,bionic-security 1.14.0.orig.tar.gz.asc.asc - 1.18.0-6ubuntu1.4 all
#   Helpers for configuring nginx

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# 支持正则表达式搜索
apt search "^python.*$"

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# 查看nginx包的详细信息
apt show nginx

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# 列出所有已安装的包
apt list --installed

# 输出大概是：
# Listing...
adduser/jammy,now 3.131 all [installed]
apt/jammy,now 2.4.11 amd64 [installed]
bash/jammy,now 5.1-6ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
nginx/jammy,now 1.18.0-6ubuntu1.4 amd64 [installed]
...

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# 只看特定包
apt list --installed nginx

# 输出：
# nginx/jammy,now 1.18.0-6ubuntu1.4 amd64 [installed]

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# 列出所有可升级的包
apt list --upgradable

# 输出大概是：
# Listing...
nginx/jammy-updates 1.18.0-6ubuntu1.5 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.18.0-6ubuntu1.4]
openssl/jammy-security 3.0.2-0ubuntu1.10 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.0.2-0ubuntu1.9]

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# 查看nginx依赖哪些包
apt-cache depends nginx

# 输出：
# nginx
# Depends: nginx-common
# Depends: nginx-core

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# 查看哪些包依赖nginx
apt-cache rdepends nginx

# 输出：
# nginx
# Reverse Depends:
#   nginx-full
#   nginx-light
#   nginx-extras

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# 安装一个deb包
sudo dpkg -i package.deb

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# 列出所有已安装的包
dpkg -l

# 只看特定的包
dpkg -l nginx

# 输出：
# Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Hold/Purge
# | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
# |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
# ||/ Name          Version      Architecture Description
# +++-=============-============-============-=================================
# ii  nginx         1.18.0-6ub~ amd64         HTTP server and reverse proxy

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# 查看nginx装了哪些文件
dpkg -L nginx

# 输出：
# /.
/usr
/usr/sbin
/usr/sbin/nginx
/etc
/etc/nginx
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
...

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# 查找这个文件属于哪个包
dpkg -S /usr/sbin/nginx

# 输出：
# nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx

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# 直接安装可能会遇到依赖问题
sudo dpkg -i package.deb

# 输出：
# dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of package:
#  package depends on libssl1.1; however:
#   Package libssl1.1 is not installed.

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# 自动修复依赖关系
sudo apt install -f

# 输出：
# The following packages will be installed:
#   libssl1.1
# 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove.
# Need to get 1.5 MB of archives.
# After this operation, 3.5 MB of additional disk space will be used.

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# 1. 先看缺什么依赖
sudo dpkg -i package.deb

# 报错：
# package depends on libssl1.1, libpcre3, libz1

# 2. 手动安装这些依赖
sudo apt install libssl1.1 libpcre3 libz1

# 3. 再重新安装主包
sudo dpkg -i package.deb

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# 如果仓库里有这个包，可以直接一条命令
sudo apt-get install -f