租房与看房
22 分钟阅读
这一篇按从看房到退租的完整顺序,拆成五个细化场景:看第一套房问租金押金租期、看第二套房问水电宠物洗衣房、签约前逐条过合同、入住后报修与催进度、退租检查谈押金扣除。
租房是这份清单里信息量最大、最容易吃亏的一个场景——语言没听懂,可能直接损失一个月几千美元的押金。先把反复出现的词记住:
| 英文 | 中文 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| landlord | 房东 | 也可能由 property manager(物业经理)出面 |
| tenant | 租客 | 就是你;合同上写 tenant |
| lease | 租约 | 通常是 12 个月,签之前逐条看 |
| month-to-month | 按月租 | 没有固定期限,提前 30 天通知就能走 |
| security deposit | 押金 | 通常等于一个月房租 |
| utilities | 水电垃圾网 | 一定要逐项问清哪些包含 |
| rent | 房租 | 一般每月 1 号交 |
美国租房的流程和中国不一样。 先约看房(showing),房东或中介带你转 10–20 分钟;满意就提交申请(application),包含信用审查(credit check)和收入证明(proof of income)——房东通常要求月收入达到房租的 2.5–3 倍;通过后才签 lease、交押金和第一个月租金,再拿钥匙。整个流程一般要三到七天,不是当天就能定。
看房时最忌讳一条一条挤牙膏式地问。 约看房时还没到现场,先问 Is it still available?;到了现场把租金、押金、含哪些费用、租期、洗衣房、车位、宠物一次问完。Are utilities included? 得到一句 Some of them 等于白问,要追一句 Which ones?。
押金(security deposit)是这个场景里最需要盯紧的钱。 退租时房东会区分 normal wear and tear(正常损耗,不能扣押金)和 damage(人为损坏,可以扣)。绝大多数州要求房东在退租后 14–30 天内退还押金并附扣款明细。入住第一天一定全屋拍照+录视频——地毯上的旧污渍、墙上的钉子眼、灶台上的旧痕,都要拍下来,将来就是你的证据。
报修要分清紧急和非紧急。 冬天没暖气、没热水、严重漏水、马桶堵到溢出来,属于紧急事项,多数州的居住适宜性法律要求房东限时修复(冬天没暖气常常是 24 小时内),务必打电话+补一封邮件留下书面记录。水龙头滴水、灯泡坏了这类可以等一两天。但无论多生气都不要擅自停交房租——在美国,拒付房租可能直接构成违约、被启动驱逐程序。很多州允许租客在书面通知后走 repair-and-deduct,或者把租金存进 escrow 账户,但一定要按州法程序来,别自己拍脑袋扣钱。
另外几个细节:renter’s insurance(租客保险)常常是签约的硬性要求,一个月十几美元,保的是你的电脑、电视和第三方责任,房东的保险不保你的东西;application fee(申请费)通常 30–60 美元,不退还;签约时要交的是押金+第一个月房租,不是把全年房租一次付清。
看第一套房:租金、押金、租期一次问清
Wei(租客,第一次在美国租房) Mike(房东,自己带看)
(周六上午,公寓楼下)
Mike: You must be Wei. Hey, come on in — I’m Mike, I own the building.
💬 迈克: 你就是 Wei 吧。来,进来——我是 Mike,这栋楼是我的。
Wei: Hi Mike, nice to meet you. Thanks for squeezing me in on a Saturday.
💬 伟: Mike 你好,很高兴见到你。谢谢你周六还挤时间带我看看。
Mike: No problem at all. So this is the one-bedroom — about six hundred square feet.
💬 迈克: 没事。这就是那套一居室——大概六百平方英尺。
Wei: Oh wow, it’s bigger than it looked online, honestly.
💬 伟: 哦,说实话比网上看着大。
Mike: Yeah, the photos were terrible. Kitchen’s through there, bedroom and bath are down the hall.
💬 迈克: 是,照片拍得烂。厨房在那边,卧室和卫生间在走廊尽头。
Wei: Got it. So — how much is the rent again?
💬 伟: 明白。那——租金再说一遍是多少?
Mike: Sixteen fifty a month. Water, sewer, and trash are included.
💬 迈克: 每月一千六百五。水费、下水道费和垃圾费包含在内。
Wei: And electric and internet are on me?
💬 伟: 电费和网费是我自己付?
Mike: Right. Electric you set up yourself, and the heat’s gas — that’s on you too.
💬 迈克: 对。电你自己开户,暖气是燃气的——那个也得你付。
Wei: Okay, that’s fair. How much is the deposit?
💬 伟: 行,这样合理。押金多少?
Mike: One month’s rent. So thirty-three hundred to move in — deposit plus first month.
💬 迈克: 一个月租金。所以入住要交三千三——押金加第一个月。
Wei: And that’s refundable, right?
💬 伟: 押金是可以退的吧?
Mike: As long as there’s nothing beyond normal wear and tear. That’s the law here anyway.
💬 迈克: 只要没有超出正常损耗的损坏就可以。反正这边法律也是这么规定的。
Wei: Good to know. Is it a twelve-month lease?
💬 伟: 知道了。是一年租约吗?
Mike: Twelve months, then it goes month-to-month. Rent’s due on the first.
💬 迈克: 十二个月,之后转成按月租。租金每月 1 号交。
Wei: Can I do six months instead? I might get relocated.
💬 伟: 能签六个月吗?我可能会被调走。
Mike: I’d rather not, honestly. Twelve months, but I’m flexible on the start date.
💬 迈克: 说实话我不太想。还是十二个月,但入住日期我可以商量。
Wei: Fair enough. When could I move in?
💬 伟: 行。我什么时候能搬进来?
Mike: First of next month. It’s vacant now, so you could move in sooner if you wanted.
💬 迈克: 下个月 1 号。现在空着,你想早点搬进来也行。
Wei: Nice. Is this a corner unit? Which way do the windows face?
💬 伟: 不错。这是把角的户型吗?窗户朝哪边?
Mike: Corner unit, windows face the back. Quiet — the street side gets all the traffic noise.
💬 迈克: 把角的,窗户朝后面。安静——靠街那面全是车流声。
Wei: That explains why it’s so quiet in here. Okay, what do you need from me to apply?
💬 伟: 难怪这儿这么安静。好,申请需要我提供什么?
Mike: An application, a credit check, and proof of income. The credit check is thirty-five bucks, and it’s non-refundable — that covers the screening.
💬 迈克: 一份申请表、一次信用审查,还有收入证明。信用审查三十五块,不退——那是审查费。
Wei: Understood. What credit score are you looking for?
💬 伟: 明白。你们对信用分有什么要求?
Mike: Around six-fifty. And income — usually three times the rent.
💬 迈克: 信用分六百五左右。收入的话——一般是房租的三倍。
Wei: Got it. How long does approval usually take?
💬 伟: 好的。审批一般要多久?
Mike: A couple of days. I’ll be straight with you, though — I’ve got two other showings this weekend.
💬 迈克: 两三天。不过我跟你说实话——这周末我还有两组人来看。
Wei: I appreciate you telling me. I’ll get the application in tonight.
💬 伟: 谢谢你告诉我。我今晚就把申请交上去。
Mike: Sounds good. I’ll hold it till tomorrow, but I can’t promise past that.
💬 迈克: 行。我给你留到明天,再往后我不敢保证。
这一幕的核心句型
| 英文 | 中文 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| I’m calling about the one-bedroom on Main Street. | 我打电话是想问 Main 街那套一居室。 | 打电话时开场最有效的一句 |
| Can I schedule a showing? | 能约个时间看房吗? | showing = 看房 |
| Is it still available? | 这套还在吗? | 第一个电话必问 |
| How much is the rent? | 租金多少? | |
| Are utilities included? | 水电费包含吗? | 必问,utilities 是复数,配 are |
| Which utilities are included? | 哪些费用包含在内? | 只问上一句容易得到 Some of them |
| How much is the deposit? | 押金多少? | |
| Is the deposit refundable? | 押金能退吗? | |
| Is it a twelve-month lease? | 是一年租约吗? | |
| Can I do six months instead? | 能签六个月吗? | 想短租就直接问 |
| When can I move in? | 我什么时候能搬进来? | |
| What do you need from me to apply? | 申请需要我提供什么? | 一次问清材料 |
| What credit score are you looking for? | 你们要求多少信用分? | |
| How long does approval take? | 审批要多久? |
口语小注
1. sixteen fifty 是一千六百五十美元,不是十六块五。
美国人报房租、报房价时习惯省略 thousand:sixteen fifty = $1,650,twelve hundred = $1,200。签约时说的 thirty-three hundred = $3,300,是押金加第一个月房租。听的时候先判断语境,房租不可能是十六块。
2. on me 在这里是「我来付」,不是「请客」。
Electric and internet are on me = 电费和网费我自己承担。同一个说法在餐厅里是「我请客」(Dinner's on me),在租房里就是「这部分归我付」。
3. I'll be straight with you 是房东/中介的真心话信号。
字面是「我跟你直说」。听到这句,后面往往是实话:还有别人在看房、房东不太愿意让步、这栋楼有点吵。这时候你的议价空间反而更清楚。
4. That's the law here anyway 这类话别当耳边风。
美国各州对押金、退还期限、维修责任都有成文法。房东主动提法律,通常是在表态「我不会乱来」;你也可以回一句 Good to know,或者直接问 How long do you have to return it?
关联词汇
| 单词 | 音标(英 / 美) | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| apartment | /əˈpɑːtmənt/ /əˈpɑrtmənt/ | 公寓 |
| rent | /rɛnt/ /rɛnt/ | 租金;租 |
| deposit | /dɪˈpɒzɪt/ /dəˈpɑzɪt/ | 押金;定金 |
| application | /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/ | 申请(表) |
| credit | /ˈkrɛdɪt/ /ˈkrɛdət/ | 信用 |
| included | /ˌɪnˈkludəd/ /ˌɪnˈkludəd/ | 包含在内的 |
| month | /mʌnθ/ /mʌnθ/ | 月 |
看第二套房:含哪些费用、能不能养宠物、有没有洗衣房
Wei(租客,正在比较两套房) Dana(物业经理,管理整栋出租公寓)
(同一天下午,另一栋公寓楼大堂)
Dana: Hi, you’re here for the studio, right? I’m Dana, I manage the building.
💬 达娜: 你好,你是来看单间公寓的吧?我是 Dana,这栋楼我管。
Wei: That’s me. Thanks for fitting me in.
💬 伟: 是我。谢谢你安排时间。
Dana: No worries. So it’s a studio on the third floor. There’s also one on five if you’d rather be higher up.
💬 达娜: 没事。三楼有个单间,五楼还有一个,你要想住高点也行。
Wei: Third’s fine. How much is it, and what’s included?
💬 伟: 三楼就行。多少钱,包含什么?
Dana: Thirteen fifty. Water, sewer, trash, and heat are all included.
💬 达娜: 一千三百五。水费、下水道费、垃圾费、暖气全包。
Wei: Nice — heat included is huge around here. What do I pay on top of that?
💬 伟: 不错——这边暖气包含在内太关键了。那我还得付什么?
Dana: Just electric and internet. You set up both yourself.
💬 达娜: 就电费和网费。这两个你自己开户。
Wei: What does electric usually run?
💬 伟: 电费一般多少?
Dana: Sixty to eighty a month for a studio. More in the winter if you like it warm.
💬 达娜: 单间一般一个月六十到八十。冬天你要是怕冷就再高点。
Wei: What’s the lease term on this one?
💬 伟: 这套的租期是怎么算的?
Dana: Month-to-month. Thirty days’ notice and you’re out — no penalty.
💬 达娜: 按月租。提前三十天通知就能走,不用违约金。
Wei: Oh, that’s way better than a year. Any downside to that?
💬 伟: 哦,那比签一年好多了。有什么代价吗?
Dana: The rent’s a little higher than a twelve-month unit, and we can raise it with notice.
💬 达娜: 比签一年的单元贵一点,而且我们提前通知就能涨租。
Wei: Good to know. Okay, big question — do you allow pets? I’ve been thinking about getting a cat.
💬 伟: 知道了。好,重点问题——可以养宠物吗?我最近在想要不要养只猫。
Dana: Cats, yes. There’s a two-hundred-dollar pet deposit and twenty-five a month.
💬 达娜: 猫可以。要交两百块宠物押金,再加每月二十五。
Wei: Is the deposit refundable?
💬 伟: 这押金能退吗?
Dana: It is, if there’s no damage. Dogs we don’t allow, just so you know.
💬 达娜: 没损坏就能退。狗我们不让养,先跟你说一声。
Wei: Noted. And what about laundry? Is there laundry in the building?
💬 伟: 记住了。那洗衣呢?楼里有洗衣房吗?
Dana: In the basement. Coin-operated — a dollar seventy-five a load.
💬 达娜: 在地下室。投币的——一块七毛五一次。
Wei: Can I pay with a card, or do I need quarters?
💬 伟: 能刷卡吗,还是得准备硬币?
Dana: Quarters, or you can use the app they push. Honestly, most people just hoard quarters.
💬 达娜: 要硬币,或者用他们推的那个 App。说实话大部分人就是攒硬币。
Wei: Fair enough. What’s parking like here?
💬 伟: 行。这边停车怎么样?
Dana: Street parking needs a permit from the city. We’ve got a garage spot for seventy-five a month.
💬 达娜: 街边停车要去市里办许可证。我们车库有车位,一个月七十五。
Wei: Hmm, let me think about the garage spot. Can I come back and see it once more?
💬 伟: 嗯,车位我再想想。我能再来看一次吗?
Dana: Sure. Saturday at ten is open — and I’d come at night too, if I were you. The street’s loud on weekends.
💬 达娜: 可以。周六上午十点空着——而且我要是你我晚上也会来看一次。这条街周末挺吵。
Wei: That’s a good tip. Saturday at ten, then. Should I bring anything?
💬 伟: 这建议不错。那就周六十点。需要我带什么吗?
Dana: Just yourself. And if you like it, the application’s thirty bucks and that covers a background check.
💬 达娜: 带你自己就行。要是有意,申请表三十块,会做背景审查。
Wei: Got it. See you Saturday.
💬 伟: 好。周六见。
这一幕的核心句型
| 英文 | 中文 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| What’s included? | 包含什么? | 比 Are utilities included? 更省事 |
| What do I pay on top of that? | 除此之外我还要付什么? | 把自付项一次问清 |
| What does electric usually run? | 电费一般多少? | run 在这里是「通常花费」 |
| What’s the lease term? | 租期怎么算? | |
| Any downside to that? | 那有什么坏处吗? | 问 month-to-month 的代价 |
| Do you allow pets? | 可以养宠物吗? | |
| Is there laundry in the building? | 楼里有洗衣房吗? | |
| Can I pay with a card, or do I need quarters? | 能刷卡吗,还是要硬币? | 投币洗衣机必问 |
| What’s parking like here? | 这边停车怎么样? | |
| I’d come at night too, if I were you. | 我要是你晚上也会来看一次。 | 中介的真心建议 |
| Let me think about it. | 我再想想。 | 不当场承诺 |
| Should I bring anything? | 需要我带什么吗? | 面谈、看房前问一句 |
口语小注
1. utilities 里到底有什么,一定要逐项问。
| 项目 | 常见情况 |
|---|---|
| water / sewer / trash(水、下水、垃圾) | 多户公寓通常包含 |
| electric / gas(电、燃气) | 通常自付,要自己打电话开户 |
| internet(网络) | 几乎都自付,而且常要自己约安装 |
| heat(暖气) | 老楼常包含,新公寓常自付 |
问法是 Which utilities are included? 或者更直接的 What do I pay on top of that?
2. security deposit 和 pet deposit 是两笔钱。
押金通常是一个月房租,宠物押金另算(常见 200–500 美元,也有按月收 pet rent 的)。有些州要求宠物押金必须可退,有些则允许收不可退的 pet fee。搬走时分开算,别被合并成一笔糊弄过去。
3. permit 是路边停车的关键词。
美国城市的路边停车常要居民停车许可证(residential parking permit),要去市政府或上网办,通常按年收费。看房时问一句 Do I need a permit to park on the street? 能省下好几张罚单。
4. coin-operated 和 in-unit laundry 差很多。
coin-operated = 公共投币洗衣房,一般在地下室;in-unit laundry = 房子自己带洗衣机和烘干机,租金通常贵一两百。看房时听清是哪一种,问法:Is the laundry in the unit or in the building?
关联词汇
| 单词 | 音标(英 / 美) | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| kitchen | /ˈkɪtʃɪn/ /ˈkɪtʃən/ | 厨房 |
| neighbor | /ˈneɪbə/ /ˈneɪbər/ | 邻居 |
| neighborhood | /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ /ˈneɪbərˌhʊd/ | 街区;社区 |
| apply | /əˈplaɪ/ /əˈplaɪ/ | 申请 |
| approve | /əˈpruːv/ /əˈpruv/ | 批准 |
| available | /əˈveɪləbəl/ /əˈveɪləbəl/ | 可用的;有空的 |
| option | /ˈɒpʃən/ /ˈɑpʃən/ | 选项 |
签约前:维修责任、转租、提前解约逐条问
Wei(准备签约的租客) Mike(房东,拿着合同)
(周一上午,Mike 的办公室)
Mike: Alright, here’s the lease. Take your time with it — I’m not rushing you.
💬 迈克: 好,这是租约。你慢慢看——我不催你。
Wei: Thanks. I read the whole thing last night, actually. I’ve just got a few questions.
💬 伟: 谢谢。其实我昨晚把整份都读了。就是有几个问题。
Mike: Shoot.
💬 迈克: 你问。
Wei: First one — who handles repairs? Like if the heat goes out or a pipe leaks?
💬 伟: 第一个——维修谁负责?比如暖气坏了或者水管漏水?
Mike: That’s on me. Heat, plumbing, appliances — I fix those. You handle light bulbs and your own stuff.
💬 迈克: 那是我的事。暖气、管道、家电——我修。灯泡和你自己的东西你自己弄。
Wei: Okay. And what if something breaks and nobody comes?
💬 伟: 好。那要是坏了没人来修呢?
Mike: You call me. If it’s an emergency, I’ve got a guy who comes same day.
💬 迈克: 你给我打电话。要是紧急情况,我有个人当天就能来。
Wei: Good. Speaking of which — can I sublet if I get relocated?
💬 伟: 好。说到这个——我要是被调走,能转租吗?
Mike: Sublet, yes, but I have to approve the person. No approval, no sublet.
💬 迈克: 转租可以,但人得我同意。我不同意就不能转。
Wei: So it’s not automatic. What about just ending it early — what’s the penalty?
💬 伟: 所以不是自动能转。那要是想提前解约呢——违约金怎么算?
Mike: Two months’ rent, unless I re-rent it. Then it’s a five-hundred-dollar re-leasing fee.
💬 迈克: 两个月租金,除非我重新租出去。那就变成五百块的重新招租费。
Wei: That’s a big difference. Is that in writing anywhere?
💬 伟: 差挺多的。这写在合同里了吗?
Mike: Page four, second paragraph. Read it again when you get home.
💬 迈克: 第四页第二段。你回家再看一遍。
Wei: I will. Can you raise the rent in the middle of the lease?
💬 伟: 我会看。租期内你能涨租吗?
Mike: Not during the twelve months. After that, thirty days’ notice.
💬 迈克: 这十二个月里不能。之后提前三十天通知就行。
Wei: And how do I tell you I’m leaving at the end?
💬 伟: 那到期我想走,怎么跟你说?
Mike: Written notice, thirty days. Text doesn’t count — I’ve had that fight before.
💬 迈克: 书面通知,提前三十天。短信不算数——我以前为这个吵过。
Wei: Understood. One more thing — is renter’s insurance required?
💬 伟: 明白。还有一件事——租客保险是必须买的吗?
Mike: Required, yeah. It’s like fifteen bucks a month.
💬 迈克: 是必须的。一个月大概十五块。
Wei: What does it actually cover?
💬 伟: 它到底保什么?
Mike: Your stuff and liability. If your bathtub overflows into 3B, that’s on you, not me.
💬 迈克: 保你的财物和第三方责任。要是你浴缸的水漏到 3B,那是你的责任,不是我的。
Wei: Makes sense. So what do I owe at signing?
💬 伟: 有道理。那签约时我要交多少?
Mike: First month and the deposit. Thirty-three hundred total, cashier’s check or transfer.
💬 迈克: 第一个月租金加押金。一共三千三,银行本票或者转账。
Wei: Can I pay the deposit in two parts?
💬 伟: 押金能分两次付吗?
Mike: I’d rather you didn’t. One payment keeps it clean.
💬 迈克: 我希望别分。一次付清,账目简单。
Wei: Fair enough. Any other fees I should know about?
💬 伟: 行。还有别的费用我需要知道吗?
Mike: Twenty a month for the amenity fee — gym and package room. That one’s not optional.
💬 迈克: 每月二十块的设施费——健身房和快递房。这个是必须交的。
Wei: Okay, good to know. Where do I sign?
💬 伟: 可选就好。好,我在哪签?
Mike: Right here, and initial at the bottom of each page. Keys Friday.
💬 迈克: 这儿,每页最下面签首字母。周五给钥匙。
Wei: Sounds good. Thanks, Mike.
💬 伟: 好。谢谢 Mike。
这一幕的核心句型
| 英文 | 中文 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| Who handles repairs? | 维修谁负责? | 签约前必问 |
| That’s on me. | 那是我的事/我负责。 | on + 人 = 归谁负责 |
| What if something breaks and nobody comes? | 坏了没人来修怎么办? | 先问清对方的义务 |
| Can I sublet? | 我能转租吗? | 关键条款,别默认可以 |
| What’s the penalty for breaking the lease? | 提前解约的违约金是多少? | 通常一到两个月房租 |
| Is that in writing anywhere? | 这写在合同里了吗? | 口头承诺一定要落到纸上 |
| Can you raise the rent in the middle of the lease? | 租期内能涨租吗? | 固定租约期内一般不能 |
| Written notice, thirty days. | 提前三十天书面通知。 | 美国退租的标准动作 |
| Is renter’s insurance required? | 租客保险是必须的吗? | 很多租约写进条款 |
| What does it actually cover? | 它到底保什么? | 问清保什么、不保什么 |
| What do I owe at signing? | 签约时我要交多少? | |
| Any other fees I should know about? | 还有别的费用吗? | 把隐藏月费一次问出来 |
口语小注
1. Shoot. 就是「你问吧」。
对方说 I've got a few questions,房东回一句 Shoot.,意思是「问吧」,跟开枪没关系。同类口语:Fire away. Go ahead. 听到直接问就行。
2. lease 和 rental agreement 不是一回事。
lease 是固定期限(通常 12 个月),期内双方都不能随便改条件;rental agreement 常指按月的协议,提前 30 天通知就能结束。签字前看清楚标题和期限那一栏。
3. 口头承诺一定要落到纸上。
房东说「可以养猫」「押金全退」都不算数。合同里没写,退租时就可以不认。标准动作是当场要求写进合同或补一份 addendum(附件)并双方签字,邮件确认也比口头强。
4. 首月付款要提防诈骗。
正规房东或物业公司不会让你用礼品卡、加密货币或者转账给个人账户。标准做法是银行本票(cashier’s check)、支票或者物业公司官方平台的线上支付,并给收据。要求「先付押金才给看房」的,基本是骗局。
5. initial 和 sign 的分工。
sign 是签全名,一般签在合同最后一页;initial 是每页右下角签首字母,表示你逐页看过。中国学生常漏掉 initial,被房东叫回来补签。
关联词汇
| 单词 | 音标(英 / 美) | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| contract | /ˈkɒntrækt/ /ˈkɑnˌtrækt/ | 合同 |
| notice | /ˈnəʊtɪs/ /ˈnoʊtəs/ | 通知 |
| policy | /ˈpɒləsi/ /ˈpɑləsi/ | 政策;条款 |
| insurance | /ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns/ /ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns/ | 保险 |
| responsible | /rɪˈspɒnsəbəl/ /riˈspɑnsəbəl/ | 负责的 |
| owner | /ˈəʊnə/ /ˈoʊnər/ | 业主;房东 |
| /ˈiːmeɪl/ /iˈmeɪl/ | 电子邮件 |
入住后:暖气不热、水槽漏水,还要催进度
Wei(租客,搬进来第三周) Ray(物业维修主管)
(周日晚上,Wei 在家打电话)
Ray: Maintenance, this is Ray.
💬 雷: 维修部,我是 Ray。
Wei: Hi Ray, this is Wei in 4B. I’m calling about my heat — I’ve got nothing.
💬 伟: Ray 你好,我是 4B 的 Wei。我打电话是关于暖气——一点暖气都没有。
Ray: Nothing at all? What’s the thermostat set to?
💬 雷: 一点都没有?温控器设到多少了?
Wei: Seventy-eight. It’s been blowing cold air since yesterday.
💬 伟: 七十八度。从昨天开始一直吹冷风。
Ray: Did you check the breaker? Sometimes it trips.
💬 雷: 你看过配电箱吗?有时候会跳闸。
Wei: I did. I flipped everything back on, and it’s still cold.
💬 伟: 看过。我全部重新推上去了,还是冷的。
Ray: Alright. Is it a wall unit or a baseboard?
💬 雷: 好。是壁挂式的还是踢脚线式的?
Wei: Wall unit, in the living room. It’s making a clicking sound too.
💬 伟: 壁挂式的,在客厅。还有咔哒咔哒的声音。
Ray: Okay, that’s probably the igniter. How soon do you need somebody out there?
💬 雷: 好,那大概是点火器的问题。您希望我们多快派人过去?
Wei: I mean, it’s supposed to be in the thirties tonight. So — soon?
💬 伟: 我是说,今晚预报三十几度(华氏)。所以——能快点吗?
Ray: I hear you. I’ve got a tech finishing a job, but it might be tomorrow.
💬 雷: 我知道。有个技师还在收尾,但可能要明天。
Wei: Tomorrow morning would work. I can be here until eleven.
💬 伟: 明天上午可以。我能在家里待到十一点。
Ray: Let me put you down for eight to ten. He’ll text before he heads over.
💬 雷: 我给你排在八点到十点。他出发前会给你发短信。
Wei: Perfect. Oh — while I’ve got you, the kitchen faucet’s been dripping all night.
💬 伟: 好。哦——趁你在,厨房水龙头整晚都在滴水。
Ray: How bad? A drip or a stream?
💬 雷: 多严重?是滴水还是流水?
Wei: Just a drip, but it’s loud and it’s driving me crazy.
💬 伟: 就是滴水,但很响,快把我逼疯了。
Ray: I’ll add it to the work order. Don’t touch it — let him look first.
💬 雷: 我加进工单里。你先别动它,让他先看。
Wei: Got it. Can you email me the work order number? I want it on record.
💬 伟: 好。你能把工单号邮件发我吗?我想留个记录。
Ray: Sure. What’s your email?
💬 雷: 可以。你邮箱是?
Wei: It’s on my lease, but I’ll text it to you.
💬 伟: 租约上有,不过我发短信给你。
Ray: That works. Anything else?
💬 雷: 行。还有别的吗?
Wei: Can I get an ETA on that faucet? It’s been three weeks since I first reported it.
💬 伟: 水龙头能给个准信吗?我第一次报修到现在已经三周了。
Ray: Wait — you reported it three weeks ago?
💬 雷: 等等——你三周前就报过?
Wei: Yeah, I called the office on the eighth.
💬 伟: 对,我 8 号打到办公室了。
Ray: Then somebody dropped the ball. I’m sorry about that. I’ll have him do both tomorrow.
💬 雷: 那是有人漏掉了。很抱歉。我让他明天两件一起处理。
Wei: Thanks, Ray. That’s all I needed to hear.
💬 伟: 谢谢 Ray。我就想听这句。
Ray: No problem. And if it’s not fixed by tomorrow afternoon, call me back directly.
💬 雷: 不客气。要是明天下午还没修好,你直接打给我。
Wei: Will do. Thanks.
💬 伟: 好。谢谢。
这一幕的核心句型
| 英文 | 中文 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| I’ve got nothing. | 完全没热。 | 说暖气、热水的口语说法 |
| It’s been blowing cold air since yesterday. | 从昨天开始一直吹冷风。 | 陈述现象,不加情绪词 |
| Did you check the breaker? | 你看过配电箱吗? | 维修方会先问这句 |
| How soon can somebody get out there? | 多久能派人过来? | get out there = 上门 |
| Tomorrow morning would work. | 明天上午可以。 | would work 比 works 更委婉 |
| Let me put you down for eight to ten. | 我给你排在八点到十点。 | 时间窗的说法 |
| He’ll text before he heads over. | 他出发前会给你发短信。 | |
| While I’ve got you… | 趁你在(顺便说)…… | 顺带提第二件事 |
| Can you email me the work order number? | 能把工单号邮件发我吗? | 留书面记录 |
| I want it on record. | 我想留个记录。 | 维权关键句 |
| Can I get an ETA on that? | 那个能给个准信吗? | ETA=预计到达时间 |
| Somebody dropped the ball. | 有人漏掉了。 | 对方承认失误,语气轻 |
| Call me back directly. | 直接打给我。 | 跳过前台找负责人 |
中式英语纠正
| 常见错法 | 问题 | 改成 |
|---|---|---|
My heater is broken, you must come today. | 太强硬,容易闹僵 | My heat isn't working. Is there any chance someone could come today? |
Please repair it quickly. | 像命令 | Could you send someone to take a look? |
The house has problem. | 缺冠词,且美国说的是 unit / apartment | Something's not working in my unit. |
I don't want pay rent. | 语法错,而且擅自停交房租可能构成违约、被驱逐 | Can I get a rent reduction while it's being fixed? |
You take my money, I will sue you. | 上来就威胁,美国要先走书面流程 | Can you email me the work order number? I'd like it on record. |
I wait three weeks already. | 语序和时态都错 | It's been three weeks since I first reported it. |
Nobody come, why? | 缺助动词,像质问 | Nobody's come by yet — can I get an ETA? |
My neighbor too noisy, tell him stop. | 中式语序,而且这事不该找维修 | The neighbor upstairs is pretty loud at night. Is there anything you can do? |
口语小注
1. 报修分清「紧急」和「非紧急」,话术不一样。
- 紧急(要当天处理):冬天没暖气、没热水、严重漏水、马桶堵到溢出来、没电。开头就说
This is an emergency,然后说My heat's out and it's supposed to be below freezing tonight. - 非紧急:水龙头滴水、灯泡坏了、门锁有点涩。说
No rush on this one反而更容易排上时间。
2. 报修的标准流程:电话+邮件。
打电话最快,但一定要补一封邮件或短信,写清日期、问题和工单号。将来要主张减免房租或投诉,靠的就是这些记录。核心一句:Can you email me the work order number?
3. 报修之后没人来,怎么催才有效。
不要重复抱怨,要给新的、具体的信息:It's been three weeks since I first reported it 比 You never come 有力得多。再补一句 What can I expect at this point? 把球踢回给对方,通常当天就有回音。
4. 暖气不热,房东为什么急。
美国绝大多数州有居住适宜性默示担保(implied warranty of habitability),房东必须维持暖气、热水、上下水的基本可用。冬天没暖气常常是 24 小时内必须处理的紧急事项,所以你说出 below freezing tonight 这几个字,排期立刻往前挪。
关联词汇
| 单词 | 音标(英 / 美) | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| repair | /rɪˈpɛə/ /rɪˈpɛr/ | 修理 |
| fix | /fɪks/ /fɪks/ | 修好 |
| sink | /sɪŋk/ /sɪŋk/ | 水槽 |
| leak | /liːk/ /lik/ | 漏水 |
| heat | /hiːt/ /hit/ | 暖气;热 |
| problem | /ˈprɒbləm/ /ˈprɑbləm/ | 问题 |
| charge | /tʃɑːdʒ/ /tʃɑrdʒ/ | 收费;费用 |
| phone | /ˈfəʊn/ /ˈfoʊn/ | 电话 |
退租:做交接检查,谈押金扣除
Wei(租客,准备搬走) Ray(物业维修主管,来做退租检查)
(退租前一周,公寓里)
Ray: Hey Wei. So we’re doing the move-out walkthrough today, right? You’re out the thirty-first?
💬 雷: 嘿 Wei。今天做退租检查,对吧?你 31 号搬完?
Wei: Yeah, the thirty-first. I’m all moved out already, actually — just cleaning left.
💬 伟: 对,31 号。其实我已经搬空了——就剩打扫。
Ray: Nice, that makes this easy. Let’s go room by room. … So — the carpet. There’s a stain right here.
💬 雷: 好,那简单多了。咱们一间一间看。……那——地毯。这儿有块污渍。
Wei: That one was there when I moved in. I put it on the move-in checklist.
💬 伟: 那块我搬进来时就有。我写在入住检查表上了。
Ray: Let me check. … Yep, you did. Okay, I can’t charge you for that.
💬 雷: 我看看。……是,你写了。那这个不能扣你钱。
Wei: Good. And honestly, that carpet’s seven years old.
💬 伟: 好。而且说实话,那地毯都七年了。
Ray: Don’t push it. But yeah, we’re not replacing it on your dime.
💬 雷: 别得寸进尺啊。不过对,换地毯不会让你出钱。
Wei: Fair enough. What about the nail holes in the bedroom wall?
💬 伟: 行。卧室墙上的钉子眼呢?
Ray: I see about six of them. That’s usually damage, not wear and tear.
💬 雷: 我看见大概六个。这个一般算损坏,不算正常损耗。
Wei: I already spackled them. Do they still count?
💬 伟: 我已经用补墙膏填上了。还算吗?
Ray: If they’re patched and painted, no. If I have to paint, it’s thirty bucks.
💬 雷: 要是补好刷了漆就不算。要我来刷就是三十块。
Wei: There’s a can of paint in the closet. I can do it tonight.
💬 伟: 壁橱里有一罐漆。我今晚就能刷。
Ray: Do that and we’re square. Okay — the stove. What happened to this burner?
💬 雷: 你刷了就算清了。好——灶台。这个灶眼怎么回事?
Wei: That was me. I left a pot on too long. My bad.
💬 伟: 那是我弄的。锅放太久忘了。我的错。
Ray: I appreciate you not making me guess. I’ll have to replace the drip pan.
💬 雷: 谢谢你没让我猜。我得换那个接油盘。
Wei: How much is that?
💬 伟: 那个多少钱?
Ray: Twenty, twenty-five. I’ll put the receipt in with the deposit.
💬 雷: 二十到二十五。收据我跟着押金一起给你。
Wei: Okay. What about the blinds in the living room?
💬 伟: 行。客厅的百叶窗呢?
Ray: Two slats are bent.
💬 雷: 有两片弯了。
Wei: Those were like that — I never opened them. I’ve got a photo from move-in day.
💬 伟: 本来就这样——我从来没开过。我有入住那天的照片。
Ray: Send it to the office and we’ll take it off. … Alright, that’s the whole place.
💬 雷: 发到办公室,我们就去掉。……好,整个房子看完了。
Wei: So what’s the damage?
💬 伟: 那总共扣多少?
Ray: Cleaning’s a hundred, the drip pan’s twenty-five. So a hundred and twenty-five. That leaves you fifteen twenty-five.
💬 雷: 清洁费一百,接油盘二十五。一共一百二十五。退你一千五百二十五。
Wei: Can you itemize that on paper for me?
💬 伟: 能给我一份书面明细吗?
Ray: Yeah, you’ll get it with the check. And your deposit goes to whatever address you leave us.
💬 雷: 可以,跟支票一起给你。押金会寄到你留的地址。
Wei: It’s on the form. By law, how long do you have?
💬 伟: 地址在表格上。按法律你们有多久?
Ray: Fourteen days here. And if it goes past that, state law tacks on a penalty — so trust me, it won’t.
💬 雷: 我们这儿是十四天。超过的话州法会罚我们——所以你放心,不会超。
Wei: Good to know. Thanks for being straight with me, Ray.
💬 伟: 知道了。谢谢你跟我说实话,Ray。
Ray: You were an easy tenant. Send me that photo tonight.
💬 雷: 你算好租客了。今晚把照片发我。
这一幕的核心句型
| 英文 | 中文 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| I put it on the move-in checklist. | 我写在入住检查表上了。 | 最强的一句,有记录就不用赔 |
| That was there when I moved in. | 我搬进来时就有了。 | |
| I’ve got a photo from move-in day. | 我有入住那天的照片。 | 照片就是证据 |
| Is that damage or normal wear and tear? | 这算损坏还是正常损耗? | 直接点出关键词 |
| That carpet’s seven years old. | 那地毯都七年了。 | 老旧程度会影响扣款 |
| My bad. | 是我的错。 | 认了就别狡辩,扣款更好谈 |
| I can fix it myself tonight. | 我今晚自己能弄好。 | 用劳动换掉扣款 |
| Can you itemize that on paper for me? | 能给我一份书面明细吗? | 你的法定权利 |
| You’ll get it with the check. | 会跟支票一起给你。 | 常见答复 |
| How long do you have to return it? | 你们有多长时间退还? | 各州 14–30 天 |
| The deposit goes to whatever address you leave us. | 押金寄到你留的地址。 | 搬走前一定留转寄地址 |
| Thanks for being straight with me. | 谢谢你跟我说实话。 | 好用的收尾 |
口语小注
1. 什么能扣,什么不能扣。
| 通常不能扣(normal wear and tear) | 通常能扣(damage) |
|---|---|
| 地毯自然磨损、被家具压出的浅印 | 宠物抓坏的地毯、烧焦的灶台 |
| 墙面轻微褪色、漆面变暗 | 墙上没补的洞、涂鸦、大面积污渍 |
| 正常使用造成的水龙头、门把手磨损 | 打碎的瓷砖、破裂的台面 |
| 窗帘因日晒褪色 | 窗帘被烟熏黄、被剪短 |
2. 退租前必做的三件事。
- 做一次 walkthrough(交接检查),让房东或物业当场指出问题,你当场记录或补做。
- 把房子打扫干净——清洁费是最常见的扣款项,而且你自己请人打扫通常比物业扣的便宜。
- 留下转寄地址(forwarding address)。没留地址,很多州允许房东不寄押金。
3. 押金退还期限各州不同。
常见是 14–30 天,起算点通常是租约终止日或你交还钥匙那天。逾期不退,很多州规定房东要赔付两到三倍押金。查你所在州的法规,或者直接问 How long do you have to return it?——但记住,问出来的说法不如写进合同的条款。
4. My bad. 比你想象的更好用。
退租谈判里,凡是确实是你造成的,干脆认一句 That was me. My bad. 反而更容易拿到减免;反过来,不是你的责任就明确说 That was there when I moved in,并拿出照片。硬扛和全认,是两种都不划算的做法。
关联词汇
| 单词 | 音标(英 / 美) | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| wear | /wɛə/ /wɛr/ | 磨损(wear and tear 正常损耗) |
| wash | /wɒʃ/ /wɑʃ/ | 洗;打扫 |
| return | /rɪˈtɜːn/ /rɪˈtɜrn/ | 退还;归还 |
| review | /rɪˈvjuː/ /ˌriˈvju/ | 检查;复核 |
| payment | /ˈpeɪmənt/ /ˈpeɪmənt/ | 付款;支付的款项 |
| /meɪl/ /ˈmeɪl/ | 邮寄;邮件 | |
| move | /muːv/ /muv/ | 搬家(move out 搬走) |
| key | /kiː/ /ki/ | 钥匙 |