routing

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原文：https://go-chi.io/#/pages/routing

🔌 Routing 🔌 路由

Introduction 简介

Routing refers to how an application’s endpoints (URIs) respond to client requests.
路由是指应用程序的端点 (URI) 如何响应客户端请求。

Chi allows you to route/handle any HTTP request method, such as all the usual suspects: GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS, TRACE, CONNECT

Chi 允许您路由/处理任何 HTTP 请求方法，例如所有常见的嫌疑犯：GET、POST、HEAD、PUT、PATCH、DELETE、OPTIONS、TRACE、CONNECT

Handling HTTP Request Methods 处理 HTTP 请求方法

These methods are defined on the chi.Router as:

这些方法在 chi.Router 上定义为：

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// HTTP-method routing along `pattern`
Connect(pattern string, h http.HandlerFunc)
Delete(pattern string, h http.HandlerFunc)
Get(pattern string, h http.HandlerFunc)
Head(pattern string, h http.HandlerFunc)
Options(pattern string, h http.HandlerFunc)
Patch(pattern string, h http.HandlerFunc)
Post(pattern string, h http.HandlerFunc)
Put(pattern string, h http.HandlerFunc)
Trace(pattern string, h http.HandlerFunc)

and may set a route by calling ie. r.Put("/path", myHandler).

并可以通过调用即 r.Put("/path", myHandler) 设置路由。

You may also register your own custom method names, by calling chi.RegisterMethod("JELLO") and then setting the routing handler via r.Method("JELLO", "/path", myJelloMethodHandler)

您还可以通过调用 chi.RegisterMethod("JELLO") 并通过 r.Method("JELLO", "/path", myJelloMethodHandler) 设置路由处理程序来注册您自己的自定义方法名称

Routing patterns & url parameters 路由模式和 URL 参数

Each routing method accepts a URL pattern and chain of handlers.

每个路由方法接受一个 URL pattern 和 handlers 链。

The URL pattern supports named params (ie. /users/{userID}) and wildcards (ie. /admin/*).

URL 模式支持命名参数（即 /users/{userID} ）和通配符（即 /admin/* ）。

URL parameters can be fetched at runtime by calling chi.URLParam(r, "userID") for named parameters and chi.URLParam(r, "*") for a wildcard parameter.

可以通过调用 chi.URLParam(r, "userID") 获取命名参数的 URL 参数，或调用 chi.URLParam(r, "*") 获取通配符参数的 URL 参数。

Routing a slug: 路由 slug：

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r := chi.NewRouter()

r.Get("/articles/{date}-{slug}", getArticle)

func getArticle(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
  dateParam := chi.URLParam(r, "date")
  slugParam := chi.URLParam(r, "slug")
  article, err := database.GetArticle(date, slug)

  if err != nil {
    w.WriteHeader(422)
    w.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("error fetching article %s-%s: %v", dateParam, slugParam, err)))
    return
  }
  
  if article == nil {
    w.WriteHeader(404)
    w.Write([]byte("article not found"))
    return
  }
  w.Write([]byte(article.Text()))
})

as you can see above, the url parameters are defined using the curly brackets {} with the parameter name in between, as {date} and {slug}.

如您在上面看到的，URL 参数使用带有参数名称的卷曲括号 {} 定义，如 {date} 和 {slug} 。

When a HTTP request is sent to the server and handled by the chi router, if the URL path matches the format of /articles/{date}-{slug}, then the getArticle function will be called to send a response to the client.

当 HTTP 请求发送到服务器并由 chi 路由器处理时，如果 URL 路径与 /articles/{date}-{slug} 的格式匹配，则将调用 getArticle 函数向客户端发送响应。

For instance, URL paths like /articles/20200109-this-is-so-cool will match the route, however, /articles/1 will not.

例如，URL 路径（如 /articles/20200109-this-is-so-cool ）将匹配路由，但 /articles/1 不会。

We can also use regex in url patterns

我们还可以在 URL 模式中使用正则表达式

For Example:

例如：

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r := chi.NewRouter()
r.Get("/articles/{rid:^[0-9]{5,6}}", getArticle)

Making Custom 404 and 405 Handlers 制作自定义 404 和 405 处理程序

You can create Custom http.StatusNotFound and http.StatusMethodNotAllowed handlers in chi

您可以在 chi 中创建自定义 http.StatusNotFound 和 http.StatusMethodNotAllowed 处理程序

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r.NotFound(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
  w.WriteHeader(404)
  w.Write([]byte("route does not exist"))
})
r.MethodNotAllowed(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
  w.WriteHeader(405)
  w.Write([]byte("method is not valid"))
})

Sub Routers 子路由

You can create New Routers and Mount them on the Main Router to act as Sub Routers.

您可以创建新路由并将其安装在主路由上，使其充当子路由。

For Example:

例如：

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func main(){
    r := chi.NewRouter()
    r.Get("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        w.Write([]byte("Hello World!"))
    })

    // Creating a New Router
    apiRouter := chi.NewRouter()
    apiRouter.Get("/articles/{date}-{slug}", getArticle)

    // Mounting the new Sub Router on the main router
    r.Mount("/api", apiRouter)
}

Another Way of Implementing Sub Routers would be:

实现子路由的另一种方法是：

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r.Route("/articles", func(r chi.Router) {
    r.With(paginate).Get("/", listArticles)                           // GET /articles
    r.With(paginate).Get("/{month}-{day}-{year}", listArticlesByDate) // GET /articles/01-16-2017

    r.Post("/", createArticle)                                        // POST /articles
    r.Get("/search", searchArticles)                                  // GET /articles/search

    // Regexp url parameters:
    r.Get("/{articleSlug:[a-z-]+}", getArticleBySlug)                // GET /articles/home-is-toronto

    // Subrouters:
    r.Route("/{articleID}", func(r chi.Router) {
      r.Use(ArticleCtx)
      r.Get("/", getArticle)                                          // GET /articles/123
      r.Put("/", updateArticle)                                       // PUT /articles/123
      r.Delete("/", deleteArticle)                                    // DELETE /articles/123
    })
  })

Routing Groups 路由组

You can create Groups in Routers to segregate routes using a middleware and some not using a middleware

您可以在路由器中创建组，以使用中间件隔离路由，而有些则不使用中间件

for example:

例如：

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func main(){
    r := chi.NewRouter()
    
    // Public Routes
    r.Group(func(r chi.Router) {
        r.Get("/", HelloWorld)
        r.Get("/{AssetUrl}", GetAsset)
        r.Get("/manage/url/{path}", FetchAssetDetailsByURL)
        r.Get("/manage/id/{path}", FetchAssetDetailsByID)
    })

    // Private Routes
    // Require Authentication
    r.Group(func(r chi.Router) {
        r.Use(AuthMiddleware)
        r.Post("/manage", CreateAsset)
    })

}

最后修改 October 10, 2024: 更新 (a4b8f85)