slices

13 分钟阅读

原文：https://pkg.go.dev/slices

注意
从go1.21.0开始才有该包。

概述

Package slices defines various functions useful with slices of any type.

slices 包定义了各种类型切片的有用函数。

常量

This section is empty.

常量

This section is empty.

函数

func All <- go1.23.0

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func All[Slice ~[]E, E any](s Slice) iter.Seq2[int, E]

All returns an iterator over index-value pairs in the slice in the usual order.

All 函数返回一个迭代器，该迭代器按常规顺序遍历切片中的索引-值对。

func AppendSeq <- go1.23.0

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func AppendSeq[Slice ~[]E, E any](s Slice, seq iter.Seq[E]) Slice

AppendSeq appends the values from seq to the slice and returns the extended slice.

AppendSeq 函数将 seq 中的值追加到切片中，并返回扩展后的切片。

func Backward <- go1.23.0

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func Backward[Slice ~[]E, E any](s Slice) iter.Seq2[int, E]

Backward returns an iterator over index-value pairs in the slice, traversing it backward with descending indices.

Backward 函数返回一个迭代器，该迭代器按降序遍历切片中的索引-值对。

func BinarySearch

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func BinarySearch[S ~[]E, E cmp.Ordered](x S, target E) (int, bool)

BinarySearch searches for target in a sorted slice and returns the earliest position where target is found, or the position where target would appear in the sort order; it also returns a bool saying whether the target is really found in the slice. The slice must be sorted in increasing order.

BinarySearch 函数在已排序的切片中搜索目标，并返回目标出现的最早位置，或者目标在排序顺序中应该出现的位置；同时返回一个布尔值，指示目标是否确实在切片中找到。切片必须按递增顺序排序。

BinarySearch Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	names := []string{"Alice", "Bob", "Vera"}
	n, found := slices.BinarySearch(names, "Vera")
	fmt.Println("Vera:", n, found)
	n, found = slices.BinarySearch(names, "Bill")
	fmt.Println("Bill:", n, found)
}
Output:

Vera: 2 true
Bill: 1 false

func BinarySearch

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func BinarySearch[S ~[]E, E cmp.Ordered](x S, target E) (int, bool)

BinarySearch searches for target in a sorted slice and returns the position where target is found, or the position where target would appear in the sort order; it also returns a bool saying whether the target is really found in the slice. The slice must be sorted in increasing order.

BinarySearch 在已排序的切片中搜索目标，并返回找到目标的位置，或者在排序顺序中目标应该出现的位置；它还返回一个布尔值，表示目标是否真正在切片中找到。切片必须以递增顺序排序。

BinarySearch Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	names := []string{"Alice", "Bob", "Vera"}
	n, found := slices.BinarySearch(names, "Vera")
	fmt.Println("Vera:", n, found)
	n, found = slices.BinarySearch(names, "Bill")
	fmt.Println("Bill:", n, found)
}
Output:

Vera: 2 true
Bill: 1 false

func BinarySearchFunc

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func BinarySearchFunc[S ~[]E, E, T any](x S, target T, cmp func(E, T) int) (int, bool)

BinarySearchFunc works like BinarySearch, but uses a custom comparison function. The slice must be sorted in increasing order, where “increasing” is defined by cmp. cmp should return 0 if the slice element matches the target, a negative number if the slice element precedes the target, or a positive number if the slice element follows the target. cmp must implement the same ordering as the slice, such that if cmp(a, t) < 0 and cmp(b, t) >= 0, then a must precede b in the slice.

BinarySearchFunc 函数的工作原理类似于 BinarySearch函数，但使用自定义的比较函数。切片必须以递增顺序排序，其中“递增（increasing）”由 cmp 定义。如果切片元素与目标匹配，则 cmp 应返回 0；如果切片元素在目标之前，则返回一个负数；如果切片元素在目标之后，则返回一个正数。cmp 必须实现与切片相同的排序顺序，以便如果 cmp(a, t) < 0 和 cmp(b, t) >= 0，那么 a 必须在切片中出现在 b 之前。

BinarySearchFunc Example

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package main

import (
	"cmp"
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	type Person struct {
		Name string
		Age  int
	}
	people := []Person{
		{"Alice", 55},
		{"Bob", 24},
		{"Gopher", 13},
	}
	n, found := slices.BinarySearchFunc(people, Person{"Bob", 0}, func(a, b Person) int {
		return cmp.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
	})
	fmt.Println("Bob:", n, found)
}
Output:

Bob: 1 true

func Chunk <- go1.23.0

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func Chunk[Slice ~[]E, E any](s Slice, n int) iter.Seq[Slice]

Chunk returns an iterator over consecutive sub-slices of up to n elements of s. All but the last sub-slice will have size n. All sub-slices are clipped to have no capacity beyond the length. If s is empty, the sequence is empty: there is no empty slice in the sequence. Chunk panics if n is less than 1.

Chunk 返回一个迭代器，该迭代器按顺序遍历由 s 切片组成的子切片，每个子切片最多包含 n 个元素。除了最后一个子切片外，所有子切片的大小都为 n。所有子切片的容量都被裁剪为与长度相等。如果 s 为空，则序列为空：序列中没有空切片。如果 n 小于 1，Chunk 将触发 panic。

Chunk Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	type Person struct {
		Name string
		Age  int
	}

	type People []Person

	people := People{
		{"Gopher", 13},
		{"Alice", 20},
		{"Bob", 5},
		{"Vera", 24},
		{"Zac", 15},
	}

	// Chunk people into []Person 2 elements at a time.
	for c := range slices.Chunk(people, 2) {
		fmt.Println(c)
	}

}
Output:

[{Gopher 13} {Alice 20}]
[{Bob 5} {Vera 24}]
[{Zac 15}]

func Clip

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func Clip[S ~[]E, E any](s S) S

Clip removes unused capacity from the slice, returning s[:len(s):len(s)].

Clip 函数从切片中移除未使用的容量，并返回 s[:len(s):len(s)]。

func Clone

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func Clone[S ~[]E, E any](s S) S

Clone returns a copy of the slice. The elements are copied using assignment, so this is a shallow clone.

Clone 函数返回切片的副本。元素是通过赋值复制的，因此这是浅复制。

func Collect <- go1.23.0

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func Collect[E any](seq iter.Seq[E]) []E

Collect collects values from seq into a new slice and returns it.

Collect 将 seq 中的值收集到一个新的切片中并返回。

func Compact

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func Compact[S ~[]E, E comparable](s S) S

Compact replaces consecutive runs of equal elements with a single copy. This is like the uniq command found on Unix. Compact modifies the contents of the slice s and returns the modified slice, which may have a smaller length. When Compact discards m elements in total, it might not modify the elements s[len(s)-m:len(s)]. If those elements contain pointers you might consider zeroing those elements so that objects they reference can be garbage collected.

这个函数Compact的作用是将连续相等的元素替换为单个副本，类似于Unix中的uniq命令。它修改切片s的内容并返回修改后的切片，返回切片的长度可能会变小。当Compact总共丢弃m个元素时，它可能不会修改元素s[len(s)-m:len(s)]。如果这些元素包含指针，您可能需要将这些元素置零，以便垃圾回收可以收集它们引用的对象。

Compact Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	seq := []int{0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8}
	seq = slices.Compact(seq)
	fmt.Println(seq)
}
Output:

[0 1 2 3 5 8]

func CompactFunc

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func CompactFunc[S ~[]E, E any](s S, eq func(E, E) bool) S

CompactFunc is like Compact but uses an equality function to compare elements. For runs of elements that compare equal, CompactFunc keeps the first one.

CompactFunc函数类似于Compact，但它使用一个等价函数来比较元素。对于比较相等的元素序列，CompactFunc保留第一个元素。

CompactFunc Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	names := []string{"bob", "Bob", "alice", "Vera", "VERA"}
	names = slices.CompactFunc(names, func(a, b string) bool {
		return strings.ToLower(a) == strings.ToLower(b)
	})
	fmt.Println(names)
}
Output:

[bob alice Vera]

func Compare

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func Compare[S ~[]E, E cmp.Ordered](s1, s2 S) int

Compare compares the elements of s1 and s2, using cmp.Compare on each pair of elements. The elements are compared sequentially, starting at index 0, until one element is not equal to the other. The result of comparing the first non-matching elements is returned. If both slices are equal until one of them ends, the shorter slice is considered less than the longer one. The result is 0 if s1 == s2, -1 if s1 < s2, and +1 if s1 > s2.

Compare函数比较s1和s2的元素，使用cmp.Compare来比较每一对元素。元素按顺序进行比较，从索引0开始，直到找到不相等的元素。返回比较第一个不匹配元素的结果。如果两个切片相等直到其中一个切片结束，那么较短的切片被认为是小于较长的切片。如果s1等于s2，结果为0；如果s1小于s2，结果为-1；如果s1大于s2，结果为+1。

Compare Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	names := []string{"Alice", "Bob", "Vera"}
	fmt.Println("Equal:", slices.Compare(names, []string{"Alice", "Bob", "Vera"}))
	fmt.Println("V < X:", slices.Compare(names, []string{"Alice", "Bob", "Xena"}))
	fmt.Println("V > C:", slices.Compare(names, []string{"Alice", "Bob", "Cat"}))
	fmt.Println("3 > 2:", slices.Compare(names, []string{"Alice", "Bob"}))
}
Output:

Equal: 0
V < X: -1
V > C: 1
3 > 2: 1

func CompareFunc

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func CompareFunc[S1 ~[]E1, S2 ~[]E2, E1, E2 any](s1 S1, s2 S2, cmp func(E1, E2) int) int

CompareFunc is like Compare but uses a custom comparison function on each pair of elements. The result is the first non-zero result of cmp; if cmp always returns 0 the result is 0 if len(s1) == len(s2), -1 if len(s1) < len(s2), and +1 if len(s1) > len(s2).

CompareFunc 函数与 Compare 函数类似，但对每对元素使用自定义比较函数。结果是 cmp 的第一个非零结果；

如果 cmp 始终返回 0，则结果为

0（如果 len(s1) == len(s2)），

-1（如果 len(s1) < len(s2)），

+1（如果 len(s1) > len(s2)）。

CompareFunc Example

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package main

import (
	"cmp"
	"fmt"
	"slices"
	"strconv"
)

func main() {
	numbers := []int{0, 43, 8}
	strings := []string{"0", "0", "8"}
	result := slices.CompareFunc(numbers, strings, func(n int, s string) int {
		sn, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
		if err != nil {
			return 1
		}
		return cmp.Compare(n, sn)
	})
	fmt.Println(result)
}
Output:

1

func Concat <-go1.22.0

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func Concat[S ~[]E, E any](slices ...S) S

Concat returns a new slice concatenating the passed in slices.

Concat 函数返回一个新的切片，将传入的切片连接起来。

func Contains

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func Contains[S ~[]E, E comparable](s S, v E) bool

Contains reports whether v is present in s.

Contains 报告 v 是否存在于 s 中。

func ContainsFunc

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func ContainsFunc[S ~[]E, E any](s S, f func(E) bool) bool

ContainsFunc reports whether at least one element e of s satisfies f(e).

ContainsFunc 报告 s 的至少一个元素 e 是否满足 f(e)。

ContainsFunc Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	numbers := []int{0, 42, -10, 8}
	hasNegative := slices.ContainsFunc(numbers, func(n int) bool {
		return n < 0
	})
	fmt.Println("Has a negative:", hasNegative)
	hasOdd := slices.ContainsFunc(numbers, func(n int) bool {
		return n%2 != 0
	})
	fmt.Println("Has an odd number:", hasOdd)
}
Output:

Has a negative: true
Has an odd number: false

func Delete

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func Delete[S ~[]E, E any](s S, i, j int) S

Delete removes the elements s[i:j] from s, returning the modified slice. Delete panics if j > len(s) or s[i:j] is not a valid slice of s. Delete is O(len(s)-i), so if many items must be deleted, it is better to make a single call deleting them all together than to delete one at a time. Delete zeroes the elements s[len(s)-(j-i):len(s)].

Delete 从 s 中删除元素 s[i:j]，返回修改后的切片。如果 j > len(s) 或 s[i:j] 不是 s 的有效切片，则 Delete 会引发 panic。Delete 为 O(len(s)-i)，因此如果必须删除许多项，最好一次性删除所有项，而不是一次删除一项。Delete 将元素 s[len(s)-(j-i):len(s)] 清零。

Delete Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	letters := []string{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"}
	letters = slices.Delete(letters, 1, 4)
	fmt.Println(letters)
}
Output:

[a e]

func DeleteFunc

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func DeleteFunc[S ~[]E, E any](s S, del func(E) bool) S

DeleteFunc removes any elements from s for which del returns true, returning the modified slice. DeleteFunc zeroes the elements between the new length and the original length.

DeleteFunc 从 s 中删除所有使 del 返回 true 的元素，返回修改后的切片。DeleteFunc 将新长度和原始长度之间的元素清零。

DeleteFunc Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	seq := []int{0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8}
	seq = slices.DeleteFunc(seq, func(n int) bool {
		return n%2 != 0 // delete the odd numbers
	})
	fmt.Println(seq)
}
Output:

[0 2 8]

func Equal

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func Equal[S ~[]E, E comparable](s1, s2 S) bool

Equal reports whether two slices are equal: the same length and all elements equal. If the lengths are different, Equal returns false. Otherwise, the elements are compared in increasing index order, and the comparison stops at the first unequal pair. Floating point NaNs are not considered equal.

Equal 报告两个切片是否相等：长度相同且所有元素相等。如果长度不同，Equal 返回 false。否则，将按升序比较元素，并在第一个不相等的元素对处停止比较。浮点 NaN 不被视为相等。

Equal Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	numbers := []int{0, 42, 8}
	fmt.Println(slices.Equal(numbers, []int{0, 42, 8}))
	fmt.Println(slices.Equal(numbers, []int{10}))
}
Output:

true
false

func EqualFunc

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func EqualFunc[S1 ~[]E1, S2 ~[]E2, E1, E2 any](s1 S1, s2 S2, eq func(E1, E2) bool) bool

EqualFunc reports whether two slices are equal using an equality function on each pair of elements. If the lengths are different, EqualFunc returns false. Otherwise, the elements are compared in increasing index order, and the comparison stops at the first index for which eq returns false.

EqualFunc 报告两个切片是否相等，方法是对每对元素使用相等函数。如果长度不同，EqualFunc 返回 false。否则，将按升序比较元素，并在 eq 返回 false 的第一个索引处停止比较。

EqualFunc Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
	"strconv"
)

func main() {
	numbers := []int{0, 42, 8}
	strings := []string{"000", "42", "0o10"}
	equal := slices.EqualFunc(numbers, strings, func(n int, s string) bool {
		sn, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 0, 64)
		if err != nil {
			return false
		}
		return n == int(sn)
	})
	fmt.Println(equal)
}
Output:

true

func Grow

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func Grow[S ~[]E, E any](s S, n int) S

Grow increases the slice’s capacity, if necessary, to guarantee space for another n elements. After Grow(n), at least n elements can be appended to the slice without another allocation. If n is negative or too large to allocate the memory, Grow panics.

Grow 在必要时增加切片的容量，以保证有空间容纳另外 n 个元素。在 Grow(n) 之后，至少可以向切片追加 n 个元素，而无需进行其他分配。如果 n 为负数或太大而无法分配内存，Grow 会引发 panic。

func Index

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func Index[S ~[]E, E comparable](s S, v E) int

Index returns the index of the first occurrence of v in s, or -1 if not present.

Index 返回 v 在 s 中首次出现的索引，如果不存在，则返回 -1。

Index Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	numbers := []int{0, 42, 8}
	fmt.Println(slices.Index(numbers, 8))
	fmt.Println(slices.Index(numbers, 7))
}
Output:

2
-1

func IndexFunc

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func IndexFunc[S ~[]E, E any](s S, f func(E) bool) int

IndexFunc returns the first index i satisfying f(s[i]), or -1 if none do.

IndexFunc 返回满足 f(s[i]) 的第一个索引 i，如果不存在，则返回 -1。

IndexFunc Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	numbers := []int{0, 42, -10, 8}
	i := slices.IndexFunc(numbers, func(n int) bool {
		return n < 0
	})
	fmt.Println("First negative at index", i)
}
Output:

First negative at index 2

func Insert

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func Insert[S ~[]E, E any](s S, i int, v ...E) S

Insert inserts the values v… into s at index i, returning the modified slice. The elements at s[i:] are shifted up to make room. In the returned slice r, r[i] == v[0], and r[i+len(v)] == value originally at r[i]. Insert panics if i is out of range. This function is O(len(s) + len(v)).

Insert 将值 v… 插入到 s 的索引 i 处，返回修改后的切片。s[i:] 处的元素向上移动以腾出空间。在返回的切片 r 中，r[i] == v[0]，r[i+len(v)] == r[i] 处的原始值。如果 i 超出范围，Insert 会引发 panic。此函数为 O(len(s) + len(v))。

Insert Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	names := []string{"Alice", "Bob", "Vera"}
	names = slices.Insert(names, 1, "Bill", "Billie")
	names = slices.Insert(names, len(names), "Zac")
	fmt.Println(names)
}
Output:

[Alice Bill Billie Bob Vera Zac]

func IsSorted

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func IsSorted[S ~[]E, E cmp.Ordered](x S) bool

IsSorted reports whether x is sorted in ascending order.

IsSorted 报告 x 是否按升序排序。

IsSorted Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	fmt.Println(slices.IsSorted([]string{"Alice", "Bob", "Vera"}))
	fmt.Println(slices.IsSorted([]int{0, 2, 1}))
}
Output:

true
false

func IsSortedFunc

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func IsSortedFunc[S ~[]E, E any](x S, cmp func(a, b E) int) bool

IsSortedFunc reports whether x is sorted in ascending order, with cmp as the comparison function as defined by SortFunc.

IsSortedFunc 报告 x 是否按升序排序，cmp 为 SortFunc 定义的比较函数。

IsSortedFunc Example

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package main

import (
	"cmp"
	"fmt"
	"slices"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	names := []string{"alice", "Bob", "VERA"}
	isSortedInsensitive := slices.IsSortedFunc(names, func(a, b string) int {
		return cmp.Compare(strings.ToLower(a), strings.ToLower(b))
	})
	fmt.Println(isSortedInsensitive)
	fmt.Println(slices.IsSorted(names))
}
Output:

true
false

func Max

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func Max[S ~[]E, E cmp.Ordered](x S) E

Max returns the maximal value in x. It panics if x is empty. For floating-point E, Max propagates NaNs (any NaN value in x forces the output to be NaN).

Max 返回 x 中的最大值。如果 x 为空，它会引发 panic。对于浮点数 E，Max 会传播 NaN（x 中的任何 NaN 值都会强制输出为 NaN）。

Max Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	numbers := []int{0, 42, -10, 8}
	fmt.Println(slices.Max(numbers))
}
Output:

42

func MaxFunc

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func MaxFunc[S ~[]E, E any](x S, cmp func(a, b E) int) E

MaxFunc returns the maximal value in x, using cmp to compare elements. It panics if x is empty. If there is more than one maximal element according to the cmp function, MaxFunc returns the first one.

MaxFunc 使用 cmp 比较元素，返回 x 中的最大值。如果 x 为空，它会引发 panic。如果根据 cmp 函数有多个最大元素，MaxFunc 将返回第一个元素。

MaxFunc Example

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package main

import (
	"cmp"
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	type Person struct {
		Name string
		Age  int
	}
	people := []Person{
		{"Gopher", 13},
		{"Alice", 55},
		{"Vera", 24},
		{"Bob", 55},
	}
	firstOldest := slices.MaxFunc(people, func(a, b Person) int {
		return cmp.Compare(a.Age, b.Age)
	})
	fmt.Println(firstOldest.Name)
}
Output:

Alice

func Min

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func Min[S ~[]E, E cmp.Ordered](x S) E

Min returns the minimal value in x. It panics if x is empty. For floating-point numbers, Min propagates NaNs (any NaN value in x forces the output to be NaN).

Min 返回 x 中的最小值。如果 x 为空，它会引发 panic。对于浮点数，Min 会传播 NaN（x 中的任何 NaN 值都会强制输出为 NaN）。

Min Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	numbers := []int{0, 42, -10, 8}
	fmt.Println(slices.Min(numbers))
}
Output:

-10

func MinFunc

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func MinFunc[S ~[]E, E any](x S, cmp func(a, b E) int) E

MinFunc returns the minimal value in x, using cmp to compare elements. It panics if x is empty. If there is more than one minimal element according to the cmp function, MinFunc returns the first one.

MinFunc 使用 cmp 比较元素，返回 x 中的最小值。如果 x 为空，它会引发 panic。如果根据 cmp 函数有多个最小元素，MinFunc 将返回第一个元素。

MinFunc Example

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package main

import (
	"cmp"
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	type Person struct {
		Name string
		Age  int
	}
	people := []Person{
		{"Gopher", 13},
		{"Bob", 5},
		{"Vera", 24},
		{"Bill", 5},
	}
	firstYoungest := slices.MinFunc(people, func(a, b Person) int {
		return cmp.Compare(a.Age, b.Age)
	})
	fmt.Println(firstYoungest.Name)
}
Output:

Bob

func Repeat <- go1.23.0

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func Repeat[S ~[]E, E any](x S, count int) S

Repeat returns a new slice that repeats the provided slice the given number of times. The result has length and capacity (len(x) * count). The result is never nil. Repeat panics if count is negative or if the result of (len(x) * count) overflows.

Repeat 返回一个新的切片，该切片是将提供的切片重复指定次数的结果。结果的长度和容量为 len(x) * count。结果永远不会为 nil。如果 count 为负数，或者 (len(x) * count) 溢出，Repeat 会触发 panic。

Repeat Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	numbers := []int{0, 1, 2, 3}
	repeat := slices.Repeat(numbers, 2)
	fmt.Println(repeat)
}
Output:

[0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3]

func Replace

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func Replace[S ~[]E, E any](s S, i, j int, v ...E) S

Replace replaces the elements s[i:j] by the given v, and returns the modified slice. Replace panics if j > len(s) or s[i:j] is not a valid slice of s. When len(v) < (j-i), Replace zeroes the elements between the new length and the original length.

Replace 替换元素 s[i:j] 为给定的 v，并返回修改后的切片。如果 j > len(s) 或 s[i:j] 不是 s 的有效切片，Replace 会引发 panic。当 len(v) < (j-i) 时，Replace 将新长度和原始长度之间的元素清零。

Replace Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	names := []string{"Alice", "Bob", "Vera", "Zac"}
	names = slices.Replace(names, 1, 3, "Bill", "Billie", "Cat")
	fmt.Println(names)
}
Output:

[Alice Bill Billie Cat Zac]

func Reverse

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func Reverse[S ~[]E, E any](s S)

Reverse reverses the elements of the slice in place.

Reverse 就地反转切片中的元素。

Reverse Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	names := []string{"alice", "Bob", "VERA"}
	slices.Reverse(names)
	fmt.Println(names)
}
Output:

[VERA Bob alice]

func Sort

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func Sort[S ~[]E, E cmp.Ordered](x S)

Sort sorts a slice of any ordered type in ascending order. When sorting floating-point numbers, NaNs are ordered before other values.

Sort 按升序对任何有序类型的切片进行排序。对浮点数进行排序时，NaN 排在其他值之前。

Sort Example

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package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	smallInts := []int8{0, 42, -10, 8}
	slices.Sort(smallInts)
	fmt.Println(smallInts)
}
Output:

[-10 0 8 42]

func SortFunc

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func SortFunc[S ~[]E, E any](x S, cmp func(a, b E) int)

SortFunc sorts the slice x in ascending order as determined by the cmp function. This sort is not guaranteed to be stable. cmp(a, b) should return a negative number when a < b, a positive number when a > b and zero when a == b.

SortFunc 按 cmp 函数确定的升序对切片 x 进行排序。此排序不能保证稳定。当 a < b 时，cmp(a, b) 应返回负数；当 a > b 时，应返回正数；当 a == b 时，应返回零。

SortFunc requires that cmp is a strict weak ordering. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_ordering#Strict_weak_orderings.

SortFunc 要求 cmp 是严格弱序。请参阅 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_ordering#Strict_weak_orderings。

SortFunc Example (CaseInsensitive)

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package main

import (
	"cmp"
	"fmt"
	"slices"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	names := []string{"Bob", "alice", "VERA"}
	slices.SortFunc(names, func(a, b string) int {
		return cmp.Compare(strings.ToLower(a), strings.ToLower(b))
	})
	fmt.Println(names)
}
Output:

[alice Bob VERA]

SortFunc Example (MultiField)

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package main

import (
	"cmp"
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	type Person struct {
		Name string
		Age  int
	}
	people := []Person{
		{"Gopher", 13},
		{"Alice", 55},
		{"Bob", 24},
		{"Alice", 20},
	}
	slices.SortFunc(people, func(a, b Person) int {
		if n := cmp.Compare(a.Name, b.Name); n != 0 {
			return n
		}
		// If names are equal, order by age
		return cmp.Compare(a.Age, b.Age)
	})
	fmt.Println(people)
}
Output:

[{Alice 20} {Alice 55} {Bob 24} {Gopher 13}]

func SortStableFunc

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func SortStableFunc[S ~[]E, E any](x S, cmp func(a, b E) int)

SortStableFunc sorts the slice x while keeping the original order of equal elements, using cmp to compare elements in the same way as SortFunc.

SortStableFunc 在对切片 x 进行排序时保持相等元素的原始顺序，使用 cmp 以与 SortFunc 相同的方式比较元素。

SortStableFunc Example

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package main

import (
	"cmp"
	"fmt"
	"slices"
)

func main() {
	type Person struct {
		Name string
		Age  int
	}
	people := []Person{
		{"Gopher", 13},
		{"Alice", 20},
		{"Bob", 24},
		{"Alice", 55},
	}
	// Stable sort by name, keeping age ordering of Alices intact
	slices.SortStableFunc(people, func(a, b Person) int {
		return cmp.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
	})
	fmt.Println(people)
}

Output:

[{Alice 20} {Alice 55} {Bob 24} {Gopher 13}]

func Sorted <- go1.23.0

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func Sorted[E cmp.Ordered](seq iter.Seq[E]) []E

Sorted collects values from seq into a new slice, sorts the slice, and returns it.

Sorted 将 seq 中的值收集到一个新的切片中，排序后返回该切片。

func SortedFunc <- go1.23.0

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func SortedFunc[E any](seq iter.Seq[E], cmp func(E, E) int) []E

SortedFunc collects values from seq into a new slice, sorts the slice using the comparison function, and returns it.

SortedFunc 将 seq 中的值收集到一个新的切片中，并使用提供的比较函数对该切片进行排序，然后返回该切片。

func SortedStableFunc <- go1.23.0

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func SortedStableFunc[E any](seq iter.Seq[E], cmp func(E, E) int) []E

SortedStableFunc collects values from seq into a new slice. It then sorts the slice while keeping the original order of equal elements, using the comparison function to compare elements. It returns the new slice.

SortedStableFunc 将 seq 中的值收集到一个新的切片中，并使用提供的比较函数对切片进行排序，同时保持相等元素的原始顺序。最后返回该切片。

func Values <- go1.23.0

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func Values[Slice ~[]E, E any](s Slice) iter.Seq[E]

Values returns an iterator that yields the slice elements in order.

Values 返回一个迭代器，该迭代器按顺序输出切片中的元素。

类型

This section is empty.

最后修改 September 6, 2024: 完成将标准库的版本更新为go1.23.0 (23dc927)