请求绑定

原文:https://gobuffalo.io/documentation/request_handling/bind/

Request Binding 请求绑定

The buffalo.Context interface has a method named, Bind. This method allows for the binding of a request, such as a form or JSON body, to be mapped to a struct for easy form handling.

buffalo.Context 接口有一个名为 Bind 的方法。此方法允许将请求(例如表单或 JSON 正文)的绑定映射到一个结构,以便轻松处理表单。

For more information on request binding in Buffalo, see the godoc for github.com/gobuffalo/buffalo/binding

​ 有关 Buffalo 中请求绑定的更多信息,请参阅 github.com/gobuffalo/buffalo/binding 的 godoc

How Does It Work? 它是如何工作的?

The Bind function works by looking at the Content-Type or Accept header of a request and looking for a mapped implementation of the binding.Binder interface.

Bind 函数通过查看请求的 Content-TypeAccept 标头并查找 binding.Binder 接口的映射实现来工作。

Mapped Content Types (HTML) 映射的内容类型 (HTML)

  • application/html
  • text/html
  • application/x-www-form-urlencoded
  • multipart/form-data
  • html

Mapped Content Types (JSON) 映射的内容类型 (JSON)

  • application/json
  • text/json
  • json

Mapped Content Types (XML) 映射的内容类型 (XML)

  • application/xml
  • text/xml
  • xml

HTML/Form Binding HTML/表单绑定

Binding HTML forms, by default, uses the github.com/monoculum/formam package to bind HTML forms to a struct.

​ 默认情况下,绑定 HTML 表单使用 github.com/monoculum/forma 包将 HTML 表单绑定到结构。 保留此符号 采用以下 结构和下面的 HTML 表单: 保留此符号 在操作中,我们可以将此 HTML 表单绑定到 结构,如下所示: 表单和结构之间的默认映射是结构上属性的名称,并且应与表单字段的 属性匹配。请注意,示例中的 字段同时匹配结构属性和表单字段上的 属性。 保留此符号 通过使用 结构标记,我们可以将 HTML 表单中的字段映射到 结构,包括通过使用 忽略 。 保留此符号 有关 结构标记的更多信息,请参阅 github.com/monoculum/forma 文档。 保留此符号 JSON 和 XML 绑定 # 保留此符号 默认情况下,绑定 JSON 和 XML 请求使用标准库中的 和 包。 保留此符号 采用以下 结构和下面的 JSON 有效负载(XML 完全相同,但用 代替 结构标记)。 保留此符号 在操作中,我们可以将此 JSON 有效负载绑定到 结构,如下所示:

Take the following User struct and the HTML form below.

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
type User struct {
  Name     string `form:"name"`
  Email    string
  Password string `form:"-"`
}
<form>
  <input type="text" value="ringo" name="name"/>
  <input type="text" value="ringo@beatles.com" name="Email"/>
  <input type="text" value="starr" name="Password"/>
  <input type="submit"/>
</form>

In an action we can bind this HTML form to the User struct as follows:

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
func MyAction(c buffalo.Context) error {
  u := &User{}
  if err := c.Bind(u); err != nil {
    return err
  }
  u.Name // "Ringo"
  u.Email // "ringo@beatles.com"
  u.Password // ""
  // do more work
}

The default mapping between the form and struct is the name of the attribute on the struct, and should match the name attribute of the form field. Notice the Email field in the examples matches both the struct attribute and the name attribute on the form field.

By using the form struct tags we can map the fields in the HTML form to the User struct, including ignoring the Password by using a -.

Please refer to the github.com/monoculum/formam docs for more information about the form struct tag.

JSON and XML Binding

Binding JSON and XML requests, by default, uses the encoding/json and encoding/xml packages in the standard library.

Take the following User struct and the JSON payload below. (XML works exactly the same, but instead of json struct tags, substitute xml instead.)

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
type User struct {
  Name     string `json:"name"`
  Email    string `json:"email"`
  Password string `json:"-"`
}
{
  "name": "Ringo",
  "email": "ringo@beatles.com",
  "password": "starr"
}

In an action we can bind this JSON payload to the User struct as follows:

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
func MyAction(c buffalo.Context) error {
  u := &User{}
  if err := c.Bind(u); err != nil {
    return err
  }
  u.Name // "Ringo"
  u.Email // "ringo@beatles.com"
  u.Password // ""
  // do more work
}

By using the json or xml struct tags we can map the fields in the JSON payload to the User struct, including ignoring the Password by using a -.

​ 通过使用 jsonxml 结构体标签,我们可以将 JSON 有效负载中的字段映射到 User 结构体,包括通过使用 - 忽略 Password

Please refer to the standard library docs for more information about the json and xml struct tags.

​ 有关 jsonxml 结构体标签的更多信息,请参阅标准库文档。

Registering a Custom Binder 注册自定义绑定器

Perhaps you don’t want to use the default binders, or you have a different content type you want to be able to bind to, for example, let’s say you want to bind a YAML request.

​ 也许您不想使用默认绑定器,或者您有想要能够绑定的不同内容类型,例如,假设您想绑定一个 YAML 请求。

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
package actions

import (
  "gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
  "io/ioutil"
)

func init() {
  binding.Register("text/yaml", func(req *http.Request, model interface{}) error {
    b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(req.Body)
    if err != nil {
      return err
    }
    return yaml.Unmarshal(b, model)
  })
}
最后修改 February 4, 2024: 更新 (c4156b3)