生成新项目

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原文：https://gobuffalo.io/documentation/getting_started/new-project/

Generating a New Project 生成新项目

You now have a working Buffalo installation. In this section, you will learn how to create a brand new web application, using the buffalo command.

​ 您现在拥有一个可用的 Buffalo 安装。在本节中，您将学习如何使用 buffalo 命令创建一个全新的 Web 应用程序。

Create a New Project 创建新项目

Buffalo aims to make building new web applications in Go as quick and simple as possible. What could be more simple than a new application generator?

​ Buffalo 旨在让在 Go 中构建新的 Web 应用程序尽可能快速和简单。还有什么比新的应用程序生成器更简单的呢？

Start by going to your preferred folder where you want to place your project, then:

​ 首先转到您希望放置项目的首选文件夹，然后：

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$ buffalo new coke

That will generate a whole new Buffalo application called coke, all ready to go:

​ 这将生成一个全新的 Buffalo 应用程序，名为 coke，一切准备就绪：

  • the Buffalo framework layout and default configuration (pop/soda with PostgreSQL support), Buffalo 框架布局和默认配置（pop/soda 支持 PostgreSQL），
  • all necessary Go dependencies needed to run the current application, 运行当前应用程序所需的所有必要的 Go 依赖项，
  • frontend dependencies and working setup with webpack 前端依赖项和 webpack 的工作设置
  • and an initial Git repository. 以及一个初始 Git 存储库。
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$ buffalo new coke
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] Step: 435aea40
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] Chdir: /your/path/coke
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] Exec: go mod init coke
go: creating new go.mod: module coke
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/README.md
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/actions/actions_test.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/actions/app.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/actions/home.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/actions/home_test.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/actions/render.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/cmd/app/main.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/.codeclimate.yml
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/.env
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/fixtures/sample.toml
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/grifts/init.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/inflections.json
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/config/buffalo-app.toml
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] Step: 638bde0d
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] Chdir: /your/path/coke
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/Dockerfile
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/.dockerignore
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] Step: 7065092d
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] Chdir: /your/path/coke
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/grifts/db.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/models/models.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/models/models_test.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] Step: 916dfca0
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] Chdir: /your/path/coke
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/database.yml
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] Step: ff1c6d38
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] Chdir: /your/path/coke
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/.buffalo.dev.yml
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] Step: 103396c6
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] Chdir: /your/path/coke
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:33-05:00] Exec: go install github.com/gobuffalo/buffalo-pop/v3@latest
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] Step: ae1260b1
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] Chdir: /your/path/coke
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/config/buffalo-plugins.toml
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] Step: 4992ff46
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] Chdir: /your/path/coke
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/actions/app.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/actions/home.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/actions/home_test.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/actions/render.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/locales/all.en-us.yaml
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/locales/embed.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/public/embed.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/public/robots.txt
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/templates/_flash.plush.html
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/templates/application.plush.html
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/templates/embed.go
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/templates/home/index.plush.html
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] Step: 69d71878
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] Chdir: /your/path/coke
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] LookPath: yarn
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/assets/css/_buffalo.scss
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/assets/css/application.scss
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/assets/images/favicon.ico
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/assets/images/logo.svg
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/assets/js/application.js
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/.babelrc
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/package.json
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/postcss.config.js
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/public/assets/keep
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/webpack.config.js
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] LookPath: yarn
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] Exec: yarn --version
1.22.17
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:34-05:00] Exec: yarn set version berry
➤ YN0000: Retrieving https://repo.yarnpkg.com/3.2.1/packages/yarnpkg-cli/bin/yarn.js
➤ YN0000: Saving the new release in .yarn/releases/yarn-3.2.1.cjs
➤ YN0000: Done in 0s 637ms
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:37-05:00] Exec: yarn config set enableGlobalCache true
➤ YN0000: Successfully set enableGlobalCache to true
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:37-05:00] Exec: yarn config set logFilters --json [{"code":"YN0013","level":"discard"}]
➤ YN0000: Successfully set logFilters to [
  {
    code: 'YN0013',
    text: undefined,
    pattern: undefined,
    level: 'discard'
  }
]
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:37-05:00] Exec: yarn --version
3.2.1
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:38-05:00] Exec: yarn install
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:38-05:00] ➤ YN0000: ┌ Resolution step

DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:39-05:00] ➤ YN0032: │ fsevents@npm:2.3.2: Implicit dependencies on node-gyp are discouraged

DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:43-05:00] ➤ YN0000: └ Completed in 5s 401ms

DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:43-05:00] ➤ YN0000: ┌ Fetch step

DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:43-05:00] ➤ YN0000: └ Completed

DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:43-05:00] ➤ YN0000: ┌ Link step

DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:44-05:00] ➤ YN0000: │ ESM support for PnP uses the experimental loader API and is therefore experimental

DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:44-05:00] ➤ YN0007: │ @fortawesome/fontawesome-free@npm:5.15.4 must be built because it never has been before or the last one failed

DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:44-05:00] ➤ YN0000: └ Completed in 0s 906ms

DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:44-05:00] ➤ YN0000: Done with warnings in 6s 462ms

DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:44-05:00] Step: bb3c28ed
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:44-05:00] Chdir: /your/path/coke
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:44-05:00] Exec: go mod tidy
go: finding module for package github.com/gobuffalo/buffalo
go: finding module for package github.com/gobuffalo/mw-paramlogger
go: finding module for package github.com/gobuffalo/buffalo-pop/v3/pop/popmw
go: finding module for package github.com/gobuffalo/mw-i18n/v2
go: finding module for package github.com/gobuffalo/buffalo/render
go: finding module for package github.com/gobuffalo/mw-forcessl
go: finding module for package github.com/gobuffalo/envy
go: finding module for package github.com/gobuffalo/mw-csrf
go: finding module for package github.com/unrolled/secure
go: finding module for package github.com/markbates/grift/grift
go: finding module for package github.com/gobuffalo/pop/v6
go: finding module for package github.com/gobuffalo/suite/v4
go: found github.com/gobuffalo/buffalo in github.com/gobuffalo/buffalo v0.18.7
go: found github.com/gobuffalo/buffalo-pop/v3/pop/popmw in github.com/gobuffalo/buffalo-pop/v3 v3.0.4
go: found github.com/gobuffalo/buffalo/render in github.com/gobuffalo/buffalo v0.18.7
go: found github.com/gobuffalo/envy in github.com/gobuffalo/envy v1.10.1
go: found github.com/gobuffalo/mw-csrf in github.com/gobuffalo/mw-csrf v1.0.0
go: found github.com/gobuffalo/mw-forcessl in github.com/gobuffalo/mw-forcessl v0.0.0-20220514125302-be60179938a4
go: found github.com/gobuffalo/mw-i18n/v2 in github.com/gobuffalo/mw-i18n/v2 v2.0.1
go: found github.com/gobuffalo/mw-paramlogger in github.com/gobuffalo/mw-paramlogger v1.0.0
go: found github.com/unrolled/secure in github.com/unrolled/secure v1.10.0
go: found github.com/markbates/grift/grift in github.com/markbates/grift v1.5.0
go: found github.com/gobuffalo/pop/v6 in github.com/gobuffalo/pop/v6 v6.0.4
go: found github.com/gobuffalo/suite/v4 in github.com/gobuffalo/suite/v4 v4.0.2
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:45-05:00] Exec: go mod download
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:46-05:00] Step: 218a906c
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:46-05:00] Chdir: /your/path/coke
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:46-05:00] Step: a3cee09e
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:46-05:00] Chdir: /your/path/coke
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:46-05:00] File: /your/path/coke/.gitignore
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:46-05:00] Exec: git init
hint: Using 'master' as the name for the initial branch. This default branch name
hint: is subject to change. To configure the initial branch name to use in all
hint: of your new repositories, which will suppress this warning, call:
hint:
hint: 	git config --global init.defaultBranch <name>
hint:
hint: Names commonly chosen instead of 'master' are 'main', 'trunk' and
hint: 'development'. The just-created branch can be renamed via this command:
hint:
hint: 	git branch -m <name>
Initialized empty Git repository in /your/path/coke/.git/
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:46-05:00] Exec: git add .
DEBU[2022-05-25T11:06:46-05:00] Exec: git commit -q -m Initial Commit
INFO[2022-05-25T11:06:46-05:00] Congratulations! Your application, coke, has been successfully generated!
INFO[2022-05-25T11:06:46-05:00] You can find your new application at: /your/path/coke
INFO[2022-05-25T11:06:46-05:00] Please read the README.md file in your new application for next steps on running your application.

Create a Customized App 创建自定义应用

The default setup is great, but maybe it doesn’t fit you. Buffalo provides several options as flags for the new command.

​ 默认设置很好，但可能不适合您。Buffalo 为 new 命令提供多个选项作为标志。

You can get the available flags list using the help command:

​ 您可以使用 help 命令获取可用标志列表：

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$ buffalo help new
Creates a new Buffalo application

Usage:
  buffalo new [name] [flags]

Flags:
      --api                  skip all front-end code and configure for an API server
      --ci-provider string   specify the type of ci file you would like buffalo to generate [none, travis, gitlab-ci, circleci] (default "none")
      --config string        config file (default is $HOME/.buffalo.yaml)
      --db-type string       specify the type of database you want to use [cockroach, mariadb, mysql, postgres, sqlite3] (default "postgres")
  -d, --dry-run              dry run
  -f, --force                delete and remake if the app already exists
  -h, --help                 help for new
      --module string        specify the root module (package) name. [defaults to 'automatic']
      --skip-config          skips using the config file
      --skip-docker          skips generating the Dockerfile
      --skip-pop             skips adding pop/soda to your app
      --skip-webpack         skips adding Webpack to your app
      --skip-yarn            use npm instead of yarn for frontend dependencies management
      --vcs string           specify the Version control system you would like to use [none, git, bzr] (default "git")
  -v, --verbose              verbosely print out the go get commands

You can choose to generate an API application, skipping the frontend stuff. Maybe you want to setup a CI to build your app on your favorite system? Or even use your own package to handle the database? Just use the flags!

​ 您可以选择生成 API 应用程序，跳过前端内容。也许您想设置一个 CI 来在您喜欢的系统上构建您的应用？或者甚至使用您自己的软件包来处理数据库？只需使用标志即可！

Override Default Config 覆盖默认配置

By default buffalo new command will look for a configuration file at $HOME/.buffalo.yml and if it exists will try to load it. You can override the flags found in that file by passing the right ones in the command line or use the --config flag to specify a different YAML file. If the --skip-config flag is used buffalo new command will not load any config file and will use only the flags passed by the command line.

​ 默认情况下， buffalo new 命令将在 $HOME/.buffalo.yml 处查找配置文件，如果存在，它将尝试加载它。您可以通过在命令行中传递正确的标志或使用 --config 标志指定不同的 YAML 文件来覆盖该文件中找到的标志。如果使用了 --skip-config 标志， buffalo new 命令将不会加载任何配置文件，并且只会使用命令行传递的标志。

An example of a .buffalo.yml config file can be:

​ .buffalo.yml 配置文件的一个示例可以是：

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skip-yarn: true
db-type: postgres
bootstrap: 4
with-dep: true

Running Your Application in Development 在开发中运行您的应用程序

Before starting Buffalo for the first time, please head over to the Database docs and read a little bit about setting up your databases. 在首次启动 Buffalo 之前，请前往数据库文档并阅读有关设置数据库的少量内容。

One of the downsides to Go development is the lack of code “reloading”. This means as you change your code you need to manually stop your application, rebuild it, then restart it. Buffalo finds this annoying, and wants to make life better for you.

​ Go 开发的一个缺点是缺少代码“重新加载”。这意味着在您更改代码时，您需要手动停止应用程序，重新构建它，然后重新启动它。Buffalo 发现这很烦人，并希望让您的生活更美好。

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$ buffalo dev

The dev command will watch your .go and .html files and the asset folder by default. It will rebuild and restart your binary for you automatically, so you don’t have to worry about such things.

​ dev 命令将默认监视您的 .go 和 .html 文件以及资产文件夹。它将自动为您重新构建并重新启动您的二进制文件，因此您不必担心这些事情。

Just run the buffalo dev command and go to localhost:3000/ to see all changes live!

​ 只需运行 buffalo dev 命令并转到 localhost:3000/ 即可实时查看所有更改！

Run the dev server on a custom port 在自定义端口上运行开发服务器

Sometimes you will already have an app working on the 3000 port. You can configure the dev server port by providing the PORT environment variable:

​ 有时您已经在 3000 端口上运行了一个应用程序。您可以通过提供 PORT 环境变量来配置开发服务器端口：

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$ PORT=3001 buffalo dev

You can also take a look at the Env Variables chapter for further information on Buffalo configuration.

​ 您还可以查看环境变量章节以获取有关 Buffalo 配置的更多信息。

Next Steps 后续步骤

  • Directory Structure - Learn more about Buffalo structure. 目录结构 - 了解有关 Buffalo 结构的更多信息。
最后修改 October 10, 2024: 更新 (a4b8f85)